Pragmatic is a research philosophy that embraces a flexible approach to inquiry. It is a methodological stance that allows for the selection of the methods, measures, researchers and perspectives that are most appropriate to answer the research question (Goldkuhl 2012). A pragmatist approach often combines quantitative and qualitative data. Moreover, the philosophy promotes a collaborative approach to research that includes patients and community members at every step of the process. This makes it an ideal framework for social justice research on issues such as equity, fairness and freedom from oppression.
Being pragmatic means focusing on actionable steps that can be taken to improve a situation. This grounded perspective fosters efficiency and effectiveness in problem-solving and decision-making. Pragmatists tend to communicate openly and honestly, avoiding unrealistic fantasies or worst-case scenarios. This healthy communication style can help strengthen relationships with friends, family and colleagues, improving overall mental well-being.
The pragmatic stance can also help individuals navigate complex ethical situations, especially when they are faced with uncertainty. A pragmatist approach provides the flexibility to choose a course of action that is most suitable to one’s circumstances and beliefs, while remaining true to their values. In addition, pragmatists are not afraid to experiment with new ideas or methodologies in order to find what works best in the long run.
A major philosophical underpinning of pragmatism is that knowledge is created from and influenced by one’s unique experiences. Because of this, all knowledge is socially constructed and pragmatist epistemology does not endorse the notion that there is a “true” knowledge beyond the subjective experience of individuals.
In terms of the research process, a pragmatist approach is typically associated with an abductive reasoning that moves back and forth between deduction and induction. As a result, pragmatists often consider the practical implications of different courses of action and are more interested in finding solutions to problems than confirming pre-existing theories (Biesta 2010; Morgan 2007).
Although pragmatism has its roots in American culture, it presents a growing third alternative to the analytic and continental traditions worldwide. Its key ideas were first developed in discussions at a so-called Metaphysical Club that took place at Harvard around 1870. Charles Sanders Peirce and his associate William James were the primary developers of the philosophy, which was later endorsed by Josiah Royce. In addition, philosophers such as Habermas and John Dewey have incorporated elements of pragmatism in their work.
